Affording a house

Some co-ops form when an opportunity arises – a house they are already living in comes onto the market for example. More commonly, they start with a group coming together and working out how to meet their needs.

Projecting your cashflow

It is usually best for co-ops to buy a property, as then they can build up capital, be more in control of their property and not be supporting a landlord. This section will focus on purchasing property. Though, sometimes good opportunities come up to rent property for less than a co-op can raise in income from the property. This can help the co-op to build up capital for a future purchase (or for whatever they prioritise).

What you can afford depends on how many members you have, what rent levels you will set, how much money you can raise and what terms you can borrow it on.

Radical Routes have produced a spreadsheet for house purchase cash flow projections which can help you model and compare different possibilities. It is available for free download from our website. You start by feeding in your best guesses about the planned purchase – how many tenants? Paying what rent levels? What does a house cost in the area you want to live in that could house these people? Have you been offered any loans or donations already? Make sure to factor in the legal fees and other charges as well.

Soon you will get a picture of the gaps that need filling, such as how large a mortgage you need to borrow. Don't get disheartened if at this stage it looks like you can't afford to house your members, it usually takes a fair amount of rejigging to get things to work for your needs. Try your cash flow out with different proportions of loan stock type/mortgage type loans, and different repayment lengths to see what is best for you. A plan that needs you to refinance (find replacement loans to pay back original ones) in year 10 or so is fine, but do not rely too heavily on finding new lenders in the future.

A purchase should work if all of the incomes are higher than the all the expenses and allow for the paying off of loans over time, often over quite a long time!

Asking prices advertised by estate agents can be considerably higher or lower than what the property will sell for. It is often possible to create more bedrooms by splitting large rooms, having fewer 'reception' rooms or building an extension.

Planning your budget for accessibility

When setting your rent level, we recommend choosing an affordable amount which can be fully covered by housing benefit. This keeps your housing co-op accessible for those most likely to face housing difficulties.

Consider if you can allow flexibility on when rent is paid - for example people on benefits may need to pay rent on a different day of the month to account for their benefits schedule, and people getting student loan may benefit from being able to pay several months of rent upfront when loans come in.

Mortgage

Like with a private house purchase, most of the finance is usually raised with a mortgage.

Normally a mortgage lender will be prepared to lend you up to 70%-80% of the value of the property. Fewer mortgage lenders are now willing to lend to co-ops though. At the time of writing your best chance is to approach Ecology Building Society or Triodos bank. It may also be worth trying local building societies. Interest rates offered vary, so contact the lenders early on in the process to find out what they might offer as it will affect your cashflow projections. They will not commit to lending to you at this stage but it is useful to start a conversation.

Extending the length of a mortgage-type loan costs more over time but it also reduces monthly costs, which can make a business plan work much better.

Radical Routes loan

Radical Routes offer mortgage type (i.e. paid off monthly with interest) loans to member co-ops which often helps bridge the gap between mortgage amount and the total needed to buy the house (alongside loan stock).

Loan Stock

One of the advantages of being a Co-operative Society is that co-ops can run and publicly advertise 'loan stock schemes' (sometimes written as one word, "loanstock"). Loan stock is a way of raising private arrangement finance, usually from individuals (including group members) and other co-ops.

Unlike a mortgage, loan stock generally has a small number of fixed repayment dates, and interest rates can be low or even zero. On the other hand, payments further apart can allow interest to add up more before you can pay it off, and debt from a loan stock scheme is usually shorter-term, meaning you have to pay back the total (or refinance, taking on new debt to pay off old) sooner.

Applying for Regeneration Money

This section I will also come back to

Public funding

You may be able to find other funding from the government or public bodies. This may be complicated, and will vary depending on your situation, shifts in policy and the type of problems big organisations are motivated to deal with locally.

Co-operative and Community Housing (CCH) have a report on options for funding new co-op homes on their website: http://www.cch.coop/newcoophomes/